The quest for human survival has made man to cultivate many food crops including rice, yam, cassava, pepper, tomato, maize, beans, etc. it is easy to note that the growths and yield of such crops cannot be highly estimate without the use of fertilizer either organic or inorganic considering the fact that the depletion in soil nutrients is one of the greatest phenomena in agricultural sector today. This paper focuses on the comparative review of organic and inorganic fertilizers in agricultural practices among farmers in Nigeria. The literatures revealed that both organic and inorganic fertilizers are highly effective for crops production, it also indicate that the application of organic manure to most food crops is healthier to human consumption, based on this findings among others that the researcher recommended the education of farmers on the various methods of fertilizer application in crops production, Farmers should ensure timely application of fertilizers for maximum production, Fertilizers should also be made available to farmers at all levels at due time and at less cost especially now that Agriculture is better described as the bedrock of a nation’s economy as it has the potentials for both food production and economic diversification by current efforts of the federal government of Nigeria to diversify the economy through agriculture and solid mineral development is a right step in the right direction.

Fertilizer is any material, organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic, that supplies plants with the necessary nutrients for plant growth and optimum yield. Agriculture is an important sector in the economy of Nigeria with production of crops like cocoa, oil palm, maize, rice, rubber, yam, cassava, etc produced for food and foreign exchange earnings, and providing employment for over 66% of the population (IFAD, 2014). Agriculture remains a significant sector despite the discovery and exploitation of crude oil which contributes about 40% of the country’s GDP (IFAD, 2014). Even though agriculture is a leading earner of foreign exchange (Adesoji and Farinde, 2006), Nigeria is a major importer of food to supplement domestic production and consumption (Doreo Partners, 2014). A contributing factor to insufficient food production is the low soil organic matter content, and consequently, the inherent infertility of soils in Nigeria and in sub-Saharan Africa. It is okay to note that everywhere in the world people settle first in areas with high potential fertile soils, adequate rainfall and mild temperatures. As populations grow, soil-nutrients capital is gradually depleted when farmers are unable to sufficiently compensate losses by returning nutrients to the soil via crop residues, manures and mineral fertilizers.